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EuTYPH-C Inj.® Multi-dose receives WHO prequalification
Photo: EuTYPH-C Inj.® Multi-dose, manufactured by EuBiologics in the Republic of Korea, is the fifth typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) to receive WHO prequalification. Credit: Courtesy EuBiologics Co. Ltd.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified a new typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), EuTYPH-C Inj.® Multi-dose, manufactured by EuBiologics. This brings the total number of WHO-prequalified TCVs to five and represents another important step toward expanding global access to TCVs which play a crucial role in preventing typhoid and slowing the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains.
Development of additional TCVs from diverse manufacturers can help strengthen supply, promote affordability, and expand access for countries seeking to introduce or maintain TCVs as part of their typhoid prevention and control strategies.
Read more here.
Updated WHO recommendations reinforce the importance of TCVs
On August 14, 2026, WHO published revised policy recommendations for the use of TCVs. The updated recommendations underscore the scientifically established data: TCVs provide safe, long-lasting protection for at least four years, and represent an essential tool for typhoid prevention and control in typhoid-endemic countries.
The updated policy advises countries with very high typhoid incidence to consider a booster dose at around 5 years of age for children who received their first TCV dose at 9–24 months. In other settings, a booster may be considered if there is evidence of waning protection. In medium-incidence settings, policymakers may consider administering the first TCV dose at age 2 years or older, or delaying vaccination up to age 5 years based on local epidemiology and programmatic considerations. As countries consider changes to their routine immunization schedules, the updated recommendations can help guide decisions on booster doses and other introduction strategies.
Understanding the economic burden of pediatric typhoid in Kenya
Photo: A vaccinator gives a TCV vaccination card to a child in Busia County, Kenya, during the country’s TCV introduction campaign in July 2025. Credit: TyVAC/Martin Mwangi.
A new analysis, published in BMJ Global Health, is the first study to estimate the cost of treating hospitalized pediatric typhoid cases in Kenya. The study, which draws on data from 16 public hospitals, found that pediatric typhoid places a significant economic burden on both households and the health system. The median societal cost of a single hospitalized pediatric typhoid case was nearly US$97, equivalent to approximately 41 days of wages for a rural general laborer.
The results can be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions such as TCV, which Kenya introduced in 2025. Researchers and policymakers can also use the findings to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of TCV in similar contexts, helping inform future policy and program decisions.
Read more on the blog.
New insights on seroepidemiology for typhoid surveillance
A new preprint highlights findings from an expert consultation held in July 2025 on typhoid seroepidemiology and its potential to inform TCV decision-making. The report reviews evidence on laboratory methods, interpretation of seroincidence estimates, and programmatic applications, and identifies anti-HlyE IgA antibodies as a promising marker for estimating recent enteric fever infections. It also notes that seroincidence estimates can align closely with blood culture-derived incidence where validation data are available.
The report emphasizes the importance of interpreting serological data alongside existing surveillance data and highlights the need for additional validation studies and guidance to support broader use of serosurveys as an adjunct data source for typhoid burden estimation.
Typhoid intestinal perforation data may provide important evidence on disease burden
Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) is a severe complication of typhoid that disproportionately affects children in low-resource settings. In areas where blood culture diagnostics are limited or unavailable, TIP may serve as an indicator of underlying typhoid burden, providing additional evidence for typhoid prevention and control decision-making.
Two recent publications, a review article and a prospective hospital-based study, explore how TIP data can inform estimates of typhoid burden and strengthen the case for TCV introduction. The second study, conducted at a regional referral hospital in rural Niger, found that TIP represents a major, under-recognized cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Together, these analyses provide additional evidence that TIP surveillance can help decision-makers identify high-burden areas and prioritize TCV introduction.
Outbreak report
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