Knowledge Exchange Newsletter, July 2017

Stories of Typhoid: Meet Samina

Samina was only six years old when she fell ill with antibiotic-resistant typhoid during an ongoing outbreak in Pakistan. Her father, Ejaz Somro, tells Samina’s tragic story in hopes that it will help families like his avoid the agony of typhoid. Read more.

Typhoid Watch

  • Bangladesh – As floodwaters begin to recede in flood-hit areas, waterborne diseases including typhoid are spreading
  • Lake Chad Basin – 2.4 million people displaced by Boko Haram conflicts in Nigeria, Niger and Chad face outbreaks of typhoid and other waterborne diseases as the rainy season begins
  • India – Hospitals in Gurgaon continue to see more than than 150 typhoid and diarrhea patients per day, resulting in a shortage of beds
  • Laos – An outbreak of typhoid in northern Laos has subsided and is no longer dangerous, officials confirm
  • Nepal – With the monsoon season in full swing, the number of patients visiting hospitals in Nuwakot for fever and typhoid has dramatically increased. Udayapur has seen a similar surge, with one hospital receiving 200 fever-presenting patients every day. The number of patients in the Kathmandu Valley has also increased with the monsoon season
  • Pakistan – Researchers at the Aga Khan University are warning of a widespread multi-drug resistance typhoid outbreak that they described as “typhoid at its worst.” Nearly 400 children have been affected near Hyderabad
  • Philippines – Cases of typhoid fever in Central Visayas reached 536 with three deaths in the first half of 2017, 8 percent lower compared with the same time period last year

Publications

Featured

  • High rates of enteric fever diagnosis and lower burden of culture-confirmed disease in peri-urban and rural Nepal – The Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Assessment of fecal exposure pathways in low-income urban neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana: Rationale, design, methods, and key findings of the SaniPath study – The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • The STRATAA study protocol: a programme to assess the burden of enteric fever in Bangladesh, Malawi and Nepal using prospective population census, passive surveillance, serological studies and healthcare utilisation surveys – BMJ Open

Complications and Case Studies

Diagnostics

  • Molecular Subtyping of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis in India: Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles – Japanese Journal of Infectious Disease

Epidemiology

  • A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey of typhoid fever in Fiji – PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Population-based incidence, seasonality and serotype distribution of invasive salmonellosis among children in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso – PLoS One

History

  • Death and the media: Infectious disease reporting during the health transition – Economica

Microbiology

  • Estimation of the probability of bacterial population survival: Development of a probability model to describe the variability in time to inactivation of Salmonella enterica – Food Microbiology
  • Salmonella enterica serovar-specific transcriptional reprogramming of infected cells – PLoS Pathogens

Vaccines

  • A recombinant protein of Salmonella Typhi induces humoral and cell-mediated immune responses including memory responses – Vaccine
  • First characterization of immunogenic conjugates of Vi negative Salmonella Typhi O-specific polysaccharides with rEPA protein for vaccine development – Journal of Immunological Methods
  • Specific and cross-reactive plasmablast response in humans after primary and secondary immunization with Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine – Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

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